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Guide amélioration génétique-Annexe 1-Guide de préservation des semences
m (A protégé « Annexe : Guide de préservation des semences » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))) |
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{{Bandeau Source du contenu | {{Bandeau Source du contenu | ||
| ''[https://www.seedsavers.org/seed-saving-chart Seed saving chart]''. Seed Savers Exchange. | |||
}} | |||
[[Fichier:Logo Seed Savers Exchange.jpg|300x300px|link=https://www.seedsavers.org/|sans_cadre]] | |||
<div class="p-2"> | |||
'''Tableau 1.''' Informations sur la préservation des semences des espèces maraîchères et céréalières les plus communes | |||
{| class="table table-bordered table-responsive table-sm" | |||
! colspan="2" |Nom | |||
! rowspan="2" |Espèce | |||
! rowspan="2" |Famille | |||
! rowspan="2" |Cycle de vie | |||
! rowspan="2" |Méthode de pollinisation principale | |||
! rowspan="2" |Distance d’isolation recommandée pour la reproduction des semences | |||
! colspan="3" |Taille de la population<br>(Nombre de plants) | |||
|- | |||
! Français | |||
! Anglais | |||
! Semences viables | |||
! Maintien de la variété | |||
! Préservation de la génétique | |||
|- | |||
|Amaranthe | |||
|Amaranth | |||
|Amaranthus spp. | |||
|Amaranthacéess | |||
|annuel | |||
|vent | |||
|650–1,300 pi | |||
|1 | |||
|5–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Aneth | |||
|Dill | |||
|Anethum graveolens | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Arachide | |||
|Peanut | |||
|Arachis hypogaea | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Arroche des jardins | |||
|Orach (mountain spinach) | |||
|Atriplex hortensis | |||
|Amaranthacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|vent | |||
|800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Artichaut | |||
|Artichoke | |||
|Cynara cardunculus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|vivace | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Asperge | |||
|Asparagus | |||
|Asparagus officinalis | |||
|Asparagaceae | |||
|vivace | |||
|vent | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|2 (1 male, 1 female) | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Aubergine | |||
|Eggplant | |||
|Solanum melongena | |||
|Solanacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|300–1,600 pi (91–488 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–20 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Avoine | |||
|Oats | |||
|Avena sativa | |||
|Poacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Bette à carde | |||
|Swiss chard | |||
|Beta vulgaris | |||
|Amaranthacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|vent | |||
|800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Betterave | |||
|Beet | |||
|Beta vulgaris | |||
|Amaranthacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|vent | |||
|800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Blé | |||
|Wheat | |||
|Triticum spp. | |||
|Poacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Brocoli | |||
|Broccoli | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Brocoli rapini | |||
|Broccoli raab | |||
|Brassica rapa | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel/biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Cardon | |||
|Cardoon | |||
|Cynara cardunculus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|vivace | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Carotte | |||
|Carrot | |||
|Daucus carota | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Céleri branche | |||
|Celery | |||
|Apium graveolens | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Céleri-rave | |||
|Celeriac | |||
|Apium graveolens | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Cerise de terre | |||
|Ground cherry | |||
|Physalis grisea | |||
|Solanacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|300–1,600 pi (91–488 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–20 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chicorée | |||
|Chicory | |||
|Cichorium intybus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chicorée amère | |||
|Belgian endive | |||
|Cichorium intybus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chicorée frisée | |||
|Frisee | |||
|Cichorium endivia | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chicorée scarole | |||
|Escarole | |||
|Cichorium endivia | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou cavalier | |||
|Collards | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou chinois | |||
|Chinese cabbage | |||
|Brassica rapa | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel/biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou de Bruxelles | |||
|Brussels sprouts | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou kale | |||
|Kale | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou kale de Sibérie | |||
|Siberian kale | |||
|Brassica napus | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou pommé | |||
|Cabbage | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou-fleur | |||
|Cauliflower | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Chou-rave | |||
|Kohlrabi | |||
|Brassica oleracea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel/biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Ciboulette | |||
|Chives (common chives) | |||
|Allium schoenoprasum | |||
|Amaryllidacées | |||
|vivace | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Citrouille | |||
|Pumpkin | |||
|Cucurbita spp. | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Concombre | |||
|Cucumber | |||
|Cucumis sativus | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Concombre arménien | |||
|Armenian cucumber | |||
|Cucumis melo | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Coriandre | |||
|Cilantro | |||
|Coriandrum sativum | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Courge | |||
|Squash (summer squash, winter squash) | |||
|Cucurbita spp. | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Échalote français | |||
|Shallot | |||
|Allium cepa | |||
|Amaryllidacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Endive | |||
|Endive | |||
|Cichorium endivia | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Épinard | |||
|Spinach | |||
|Spinacia oleracea | |||
|Amaranthacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|vent | |||
|800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | |||
|10 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Fenouil | |||
|Fennel | |||
|Foeniculum vulgare | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|vivace | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Fève de Lima | |||
|Lima bean | |||
|Phaseolus lunatus | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|160–500 pi (49–152 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Gourde | |||
|Gourd and hard-shelled gourd | |||
|Cucurbita spp. Et Lagenaria siceraria | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Gourgane | |||
|Fava bean (broad bean) | |||
|Vicia faba | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|160–500 pi (49–152 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Haricot | |||
|Bean (common bean) | |||
|Phaseolus vulgaris | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Haricot azuki | |||
|Adzuki bean | |||
|Vigna angularis | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Haricot d'Espagne | |||
|Runner bean (scarlet runner bean) | |||
|Phaseolus coccineus | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|160–500 pi (49–152 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Haricot tépari | |||
|Tepary bean | |||
|Phaseolus acutifolius | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Laitue | |||
|Lettuce | |||
|Lactuca sativa | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Laitue chinoise | |||
|Celtuce | |||
|Lactuca sativa | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Lentille | |||
|Lentil | |||
|Lens culinaris | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Maïs | |||
|Corn (maize) | |||
|Zea mays | |||
|Poacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|vent | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|10 | |||
|50–120 | |||
|200+ | |||
|- | |||
|Melon | |||
|Melon | |||
|Cucumis melo | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Melon citron | |||
|Citron melon | |||
|Citrullus lanatus | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Melon d’eau | |||
|Watermelon | |||
|Citrullus lanatus | |||
|Cucurbitacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Moutarde | |||
|Mustard greens | |||
|Brassica juncea | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel/biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Niébé | |||
|Cowpea (Southern pea, yardlong bean, black eyed peas) | |||
|Vigna unguiculata | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Oignon | |||
|Onion (common onion, multiplier onion) | |||
|Allium cepa | |||
|Amaryllidacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Okra | |||
|Okra | |||
|Abelmoschus escu lentus | |||
|Malvacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|500–1,600 pi | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|25+ | |||
|- | |||
|Orge | |||
|Barley | |||
|Hordeum vulgare | |||
|Poacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Panias | |||
|Parsnip | |||
|Pastinaca sativa | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Persil | |||
|Parsley | |||
|Petroselinum crispum | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Persil des marais | |||
|Smallage | |||
|Apium graveolens | |||
|Apiacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Pissenlit | |||
|Italian dandelion | |||
|Cichorium intybus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Poireau | |||
|Leek | |||
|Allium ampeloprasum | |||
|Amaryllidacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Pois | |||
|Pea | |||
|Pisum sativum | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Pois chiche | |||
|Chickpea (garbanzo bean) | |||
|Cicer arietinum | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Poivron | |||
|Pepper | |||
|Capsicumspp. | |||
|Solanacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|300–1,600 pi (91–488 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–20 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Quinoa | |||
|Quinoa | |||
|Chenopodium quinoa | |||
|Amaranthacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|100–300 pi (30–91 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Rabiole | |||
|Turnip | |||
|Brassica rapa | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Radichhio | |||
|Radichhio | |||
|Cichorium intybus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Radis | |||
|Radish | |||
|Raphanus sativus | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Riz | |||
|Rice | |||
|Oryza sativa | |||
|Poacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Roquette | |||
|Arugula (rocket) | |||
|Eruca sativa | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Roquette sauvage | |||
|Wild arugula | |||
|Diplotaxis tenuifolia | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|vivace | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Rutabaga | |||
|Rutabaga | |||
|Brassica napus | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Sarrasin | |||
|Buckwheat | |||
|Fagopyrum esculen tum | |||
|Polygonaceae | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Seigle | |||
|Rye | |||
|Secale cereale | |||
|Poacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|vent | |||
|750 pi (229 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Sorgo | |||
|Sorghum | |||
|Sorghum bicolor | |||
|Poacées | |||
|vivace | |||
|auto ou vent | |||
|100–200 pi (30–61 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Sorgo commun | |||
|Broomcorn | |||
|Sorghum bicolor | |||
|Poacées | |||
|vivace | |||
|auto ou vent | |||
|100–200 pi (30–61 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|10–25 | |||
|50+ | |||
|- | |||
|Soya | |||
|Soybean (edamame) | |||
|Glycine max | |||
|Fabacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto | |||
|10–20 pi (3–6 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Tomate | |||
|Tomato | |||
|Solanum lycopersicum | |||
|Solanacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|10–50 pi (3–15 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Tomate groseille | |||
|Currant tomato | |||
|Solanum pimpinelli folium | |||
|Solanacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|auto ou insecte | |||
|10–50 pi (3–15 m) | |||
|1 | |||
|5–10 | |||
|20+ | |||
|- | |||
|Tomatillo | |||
|Tomatillo (husk tomato) | |||
|Physalis philadelphica | |||
|Solanacées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Tournesol | |||
|Sunflower | |||
|Helianthus annuus | |||
|Astéracées | |||
|annuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|- | |||
|Verdurette asiatique | |||
|Japanese greens | |||
|Brassica rapa | |||
|Brassicacées | |||
|annuel/biannuel | |||
|insecte | |||
|800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | |||
|5 | |||
|20–50 | |||
|80+ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
{{NavigationBas Guide-amélioration-génétique}} | {{NavigationBas Guide-amélioration-génétique}} |
Dernière version du 2023-01-05 à 09:55:39
Production
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Seed saving chart. Seed Savers Exchange.
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Tableau 1. Informations sur la préservation des semences des espèces maraîchères et céréalières les plus communes
Nom | Espèce | Famille | Cycle de vie | Méthode de pollinisation principale | Distance d’isolation recommandée pour la reproduction des semences | Taille de la population (Nombre de plants) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Français | Anglais | Semences viables | Maintien de la variété | Préservation de la génétique | |||||
Amaranthe | Amaranth | Amaranthus spp. | Amaranthacéess | annuel | vent | 650–1,300 pi | 1 | 5–25 | 50+ |
Aneth | Dill | Anethum graveolens | Apiacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Arachide | Peanut | Arachis hypogaea | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Arroche des jardins | Orach (mountain spinach) | Atriplex hortensis | Amaranthacées | annuel | vent | 800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | 1 | 5–25 | 50+ |
Artichaut | Artichoke | Cynara cardunculus | Astéracées | vivace | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Asperge | Asparagus | Asparagus officinalis | Asparagaceae | vivace | vent | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 2 (1 male, 1 female) | 20–50 | 80+ |
Aubergine | Eggplant | Solanum melongena | Solanacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 300–1,600 pi (91–488 m) | 1 | 5–20 | 50+ |
Avoine | Oats | Avena sativa | Poacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Bette à carde | Swiss chard | Beta vulgaris | Amaranthacées | biannuel | vent | 800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Betterave | Beet | Beta vulgaris | Amaranthacées | biannuel | vent | 800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Blé | Wheat | Triticum spp. | Poacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Brocoli | Broccoli | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Brocoli rapini | Broccoli raab | Brassica rapa | Brassicacées | annuel/biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Cardon | Cardoon | Cynara cardunculus | Astéracées | vivace | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Carotte | Carrot | Daucus carota | Apiacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Céleri branche | Celery | Apium graveolens | Apiacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Céleri-rave | Celeriac | Apium graveolens | Apiacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Cerise de terre | Ground cherry | Physalis grisea | Solanacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 300–1,600 pi (91–488 m) | 1 | 5–20 | 25+ |
Chicorée | Chicory | Cichorium intybus | Astéracées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chicorée amère | Belgian endive | Cichorium intybus | Astéracées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chicorée frisée | Frisee | Cichorium endivia | Astéracées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Chicorée scarole | Escarole | Cichorium endivia | Astéracées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Chou cavalier | Collards | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chou chinois | Chinese cabbage | Brassica rapa | Brassicacées | annuel/biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chou de Bruxelles | Brussels sprouts | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chou kale | Kale | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chou kale de Sibérie | Siberian kale | Brassica napus | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–25 | 50+ |
Chou pommé | Cabbage | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chou-fleur | Cauliflower | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Chou-rave | Kohlrabi | Brassica oleracea | Brassicacées | annuel/biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Ciboulette | Chives (common chives) | Allium schoenoprasum | Amaryllidacées | vivace | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Citrouille | Pumpkin | Cucurbita spp. | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Concombre | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Concombre arménien | Armenian cucumber | Cucumis melo | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Coriandre | Cilantro | Coriandrum sativum | Apiacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Courge | Squash (summer squash, winter squash) | Cucurbita spp. | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Échalote français | Shallot | Allium cepa | Amaryllidacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Endive | Endive | Cichorium endivia | Astéracées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Épinard | Spinach | Spinacia oleracea | Amaranthacées | annuel | vent | 800 pi–1 mile (244 m–1,6 km) | 10 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Fenouil | Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare | Apiacées | vivace | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Fève de Lima | Lima bean | Phaseolus lunatus | Fabacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 160–500 pi (49–152 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Gourde | Gourd and hard-shelled gourd | Cucurbita spp. Et Lagenaria siceraria | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Gourgane | Fava bean (broad bean) | Vicia faba | Fabacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 160–500 pi (49–152 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Haricot | Bean (common bean) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Fabacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Haricot azuki | Adzuki bean | Vigna angularis | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Haricot d'Espagne | Runner bean (scarlet runner bean) | Phaseolus coccineus | Fabacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 160–500 pi (49–152 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Haricot tépari | Tepary bean | Phaseolus acutifolius | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Laitue | Lettuce | Lactuca sativa | Astéracées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Laitue chinoise | Celtuce | Lactuca sativa | Astéracées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Lentille | Lentil | Lens culinaris | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Maïs | Corn (maize) | Zea mays | Poacées | annuel | vent | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 10 | 50–120 | 200+ |
Melon | Melon | Cucumis melo | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Melon citron | Citron melon | Citrullus lanatus | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Melon d’eau | Watermelon | Citrullus lanatus | Cucurbitacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Moutarde | Mustard greens | Brassica juncea | Brassicacées | annuel/biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Niébé | Cowpea (Southern pea, yardlong bean, black eyed peas) | Vigna unguiculata | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Oignon | Onion (common onion, multiplier onion) | Allium cepa | Amaryllidacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Okra | Okra | Abelmoschus escu lentus | Malvacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 500–1,600 pi | 1 | 5–10 | 25+ |
Orge | Barley | Hordeum vulgare | Poacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Panias | Parsnip | Pastinaca sativa | Apiacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Persil | Parsley | Petroselinum crispum | Apiacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Persil des marais | Smallage | Apium graveolens | Apiacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Pissenlit | Italian dandelion | Cichorium intybus | Astéracées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Poireau | Leek | Allium ampeloprasum | Amaryllidacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Pois | Pea | Pisum sativum | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Pois chiche | Chickpea (garbanzo bean) | Cicer arietinum | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Poivron | Pepper | Capsicumspp. | Solanacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 300–1,600 pi (91–488 m) | 1 | 5–20 | 50+ |
Quinoa | Quinoa | Chenopodium quinoa | Amaranthacées | annuel | auto | 100–300 pi (30–91 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Rabiole | Turnip | Brassica rapa | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Radichhio | Radichhio | Cichorium intybus | Astéracées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Radis | Radish | Raphanus sativus | Brassicacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Riz | Rice | Oryza sativa | Poacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Roquette | Arugula (rocket) | Eruca sativa | Brassicacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Roquette sauvage | Wild arugula | Diplotaxis tenuifolia | Brassicacées | vivace | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Rutabaga | Rutabaga | Brassica napus | Brassicacées | biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 1 | 5–25 | 50+ |
Sarrasin | Buckwheat | Fagopyrum esculen tum | Polygonaceae | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Seigle | Rye | Secale cereale | Poacées | annuel | vent | 750 pi (229 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Sorgo | Sorghum | Sorghum bicolor | Poacées | vivace | auto ou vent | 100–200 pi (30–61 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Sorgo commun | Broomcorn | Sorghum bicolor | Poacées | vivace | auto ou vent | 100–200 pi (30–61 m) | 1 | 10–25 | 50+ |
Soya | Soybean (edamame) | Glycine max | Fabacées | annuel | auto | 10–20 pi (3–6 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Tomate | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | Solanacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 10–50 pi (3–15 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Tomate groseille | Currant tomato | Solanum pimpinelli folium | Solanacées | annuel | auto ou insecte | 10–50 pi (3–15 m) | 1 | 5–10 | 20+ |
Tomatillo | Tomatillo (husk tomato) | Physalis philadelphica | Solanacées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Tournesol | Sunflower | Helianthus annuus | Astéracées | annuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Verdurette asiatique | Japanese greens | Brassica rapa | Brassicacées | annuel/biannuel | insecte | 800 pi–1/2 mile (244–805 m) | 5 | 20–50 | 80+ |
Sommaire du guide
Mots clés
Aucun mot clé.